Acidbase accounting test procedures acid mine drainage. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using sulfate. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. This springerbrief focuses on acid mine drainage amd in the three basins in the witwatersrand, south africa. Solutions to acid mine drainage problem book pdf free download link book now. When water flows over or through sulfurbearing mine tailings, a chemical reaction occurs between the water and rocks resulting in metalrich water. Acid mine drainage amd forms when sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite and marcasite, have been exposed to oxidizing conditions during mining and other excavation. This book presents a very educative and very helpful meaning in everyday life. Acid mine drainage amd is acidic water having ph of. Summary of approved practices in the coal industry for acid mine drainage as outlined in the principles and guide to practices in the control of acid minedrainage, published by the coal industry advisory committee of the ohio river valley water sanitation commission. Acid mine drainage in south africa has become a major concern for the countrys water infrastructure over recent years.
Acid mine drainage, geomicrobiology, usgs microbiology research. Acid mine drainage treatment, east rand, south africa amd waters in the rio tinto, spain 3. A stream bed that has been stained orange by acid mine drainage. The objective of this phd research was to investigate the leaching of acid clays with acid minerock drainages amdard typically found in u. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by largescale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks. Acid mine drainage stock photos download 121 royalty free. The author would like to acknowledge rich steimle, of the u. It provides a background to amd and its impactsfrom a social science perspective. This acid drainage, commonly referred to as acid mine drainage amd, has become an economic and environmental burden. Mine acid drainage mad is the runoff produced when water comes into contact with exposed rocks containing sulfurbearing minerals that react with water and air to form sulfuric acid, dissolved fe and al, and other chemical elements blowes et al. Acid mine drainage ohio division of mineral resources. Acid minerock drainage center for water, earth science.
During mining, the coal and associated strata containing varying amounts of sulfide minerals commonly pyritefes2 are exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Leaching of heavy metals in acid mine drainage lana saria. Acid mine drainage is known as one of the most severe threats to water brought about by mining. Ecological roles of dominant and rare prokaryotes in acid.
Handbook for constructed wetlands receiving acid mine drainage. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using sulfatereducing. Jul 11, 20 process of acid mine drainage geochemical and microbial reactions during weathering of sulfide minerals pyrite in coal, refuse, or mine overburden oxidation of sulfide minerals in the presence of air, water, and bacteria formation of sulfuric acid and increase in acidity solubilization of metals due to low ph 5. The sulfuric acid causes leaching of iron, manganese, lead, copper, zinc and cadmium from the rock it interacts with. Thanks to the international veolia group, veolia water technologies south africa is able to supply a costcompetitive acid mine drainage treatment system that can reduce the impact of mining on the environment. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron. Acid mine drainage solutions for the mineral industry.
Effects of acid mine drainage on the release of aluminum from. Acid mine drainage effects, types, plants, marine, oxygen. This occurs along outcrops or scree slopes where sulfidebearing rock is naturally weathered. The costs of treating contaminated waterfilled voids or seepages from adits would be additional. Acid rock drainage and acid mine drainage acid rock drainage ard is a natural process in which sulfuric acid is produced when sulfides in rocksfor example, pyrite fes 2 are exposed to air and water. Formation of acid mine drainage amd is a widespread environmental issue that has not subsided throughout decades. Reading a acid mine drainage manual book is very important to learn a new language, because foreign languages use foreign words to help them speak and write.
The acid mine drainage may also contain high amounts of co2 which forms carbonic acid and further depresses the ph. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Publication date 1982 topics acid mine drainage publisher washington, d. Download hires image download to mspowerpoint cite this. Nov, 2019 in a nutshell, acid mine drainage is a form of water pollution that happens when rain, runoff, or streams come in contact with rock that is rich in sulfur. Ecological roles of dominant and rare prokaryotes in acid mine drainage revealed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics skip to main content thank you for visiting. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Acid mine drainage prediction compares acid rock drainage factors of waste rock piles and tailings impoundments.
Acid mine drainage formation, control and treatment. Acid minerock drainage center for water, earth science and. Acid mine drainage to the flow of water out of a mine that has a very high acidiclow ph after being in contact with air and metal. The role of microorganisms in acid mine drainage science. Apr 05, 2018 acid mine drainage is known as one of the most severe threats to water brought about by mining. There are four chemical reactions that represent the chemistry of pyrite weathering to form acid mine.
The south african government and nongovernmental organizations response to amd is assessed, as well the. Acid mine drainage seeping out of a hillside in western pennsylvania a result of unregulated coal mining acid mine drainage. The effects of this phenomenon are so immense that it can cause devastation that could last for hundreds to thousands of years. The objective of this phd research was to investigate the leaching of acid clays with acid mine rock drainages amdard typically found in u. Most discussions on acid mine drainage refer to the physical process of oxidation while the role of microorganisms is left unnoticed. One reason that pyrite is important in amd generation is that it forms under a variety of conditions and is widespread in different rock types. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed. An introduction to acid mine drainage wv department of. Continued dewatering of the sulfide ore body and surrounding material creates the conditions for amd production. Characterization of mine waste and acid mine drainage. Solutions to acid mine drainage problem book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Acid mine drainage mines built as early as the 1800s were developed in a manner which utilized gravity drainage, to avoid excessive water accumulation in the mines as a result, water polluted by acid, iron, sulfur and aluminum drained away from the mines and into streams results of acid mine drainage. Apr, 2017 acid mine drainage treatment, east rand, south africa amd waters in the rio tinto, spain 3. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using sulfatereducing bacteria pdf 72 pp, 1.
Thus, this study applied some simple testing methods to the. Acid mine drainage control technologies are measures that can be. Mineacid drainage mad is the runoff produced when water comes into contact with exposed rocks containing sulfurbearing minerals that react with water and air to form sulfuric acid, dissolved fe and al, and other chemical elements blowes et al. Acid mine drainage research acid mine drainage amd has been the subject of intensive research since the 1960s. Acid mine drainage, geomicrobiology, usgs microbiology. Summary of approved practices in the coal industry for acid mine drainage as outlined in the principles and guide to practices in the control of acid mine drainage, published by the coal industry advisory committee of the ohio river valley water sanitation commission includes bibliographical references caption title filing code. Acid mine drainage is one of the most serious environmental problems that the. Innovative treatment technologies notice this document was prepared by a national network of environmental management studies grantee under a fellowship from the u.
Pyrite oxidation mechanisms and acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage prevention and control options 601 prediction of performance the performance of the designed or selected options compared to the adopted standards is predicted by applying appropriate engineering techniques e. Hydrated lime is the most commonly used chemical for treating amd and is used to treat more than 90% of the acid mine drainage worldwide. Acid mine drainage is caused by both abandoned mines and mines in current excavation. The following is an overview of information on some major. Amd is caused when water flows over or through sulfurbearing materials forming solutions of net acidity. January 1996 acid mine drainage is a common problem in many parts of the country, originating from hardrock mines, strip mines or tailing piles. Acid mine drainage amd occurs when metal sulfides, most commonly pyrite, are exposed to and react with air and water. Acid mine drainage amd is typically characterized by low ph and high dissolved iron. Acid mine drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard, refers to the outflow of acidic water from usually abandoned metal mines or coal mines e. Acid mine drainage amd causes environmental pollution that affects many countries having historic or current mining industries. Acid mine drainage amd occurs primarily when the mineral ore pyrite fes 2 is exposed to water and oxygen from air, producing soluble iron and sulfuric acid. Download 121 acid mine drainage stock photos for free or amazingly low rates.
Geological survey, openfile report 00369, online only, version 1. Effects of acid mine drainage on the release of aluminum. Characterization of mine waste rocks and prediction of acid mine drainage amd play an important role in preventing amd. Although hightech analytical methods have been highlighted for mineral characterization and quantification, simple testing methods are still practical ways to perform in a field laboratory in mines. Acid mine drainage, rock drainage, and acid sulfate soils. Acid mine drainage overview acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron disulfide fes2. Acid mine drainage biofilm metagenomics ncbi bookshelf. The microbiology of acid mine drainage by jim taylor, p.
Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf. As a result, the water becomes very acidic and damages downstream aquatic ecosystems. In examining this table, it is important to note that diffusion of oxygen into water is slow and, therefore, oxidation of iron sulfide is inhibited until the water level drops, which can occur periodically or seasonally in some cases. Although acid mine drainage is the most common impact of mining on water quality, the variety of mineral geology is such that there is no singlecharacteristic mine water. Research efforts have proceeded recently through the acid drainage technology initiative. Fact sheet acid mine drainage the problem the formation of acid mine drainage and the contaminants associated with it have been described as the largest environmental problem facing the u. A mines drainage substances such as acid can destroy streams, rivers and aquatic life. Mining, waste ore burden, tailings, and exposure of abandoned mines to the environment promote amd, catalyzed by naturally occurring acidophilic. Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using sulfatereducing bacteria acknowledgements this project was supported by a national network of environmental management studies nnems fellowship from the u. Major environmental incidents caused by acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage stock photos download 121 royalty. The major areas of research on amd are prediction of amd and preventionmitigation.
This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed when minerals are exposed to air and water. In some regions, it is the most common form of stream and river pollution. Acid mine drainage results when surface and ground water combine with sulfuric rock from the mines, causing a sulfuric acid. The term mineimpacted water is used because it is more inclusive than terms such as acid mine drainage amd or acid rock drainage ard. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in remote. In pennsylvania, reported aluminum concentrations in discharge samples from 140 abandoned coal mines showed that over. Acid mine drainage amd is generated under environmental conditions when sulfide minerals are exposed to oxygen, water, and acidophilic microorganisms.
Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Article information, pdf download for leaching of heavy metals in acid mine. Acid mine drainage in south africa development actors. Process of acid mine drainage geochemical and microbial reactions during weathering of sulfide minerals pyrite in coal, refuse, or mine overburden oxidation of sulfide minerals in the presence of air, water, and bacteria formation of sulfuric acid and increase in acidity solubilization of metals due to low ph 5. In a nutshell, acid mine drainage is a form of water pollution that happens when rain, runoff, or streams come in contact with rock that is rich in sulfur. Overview of acid mine drainage treatment with chemicals. As this discussion demonstrates, the appropriate treatment chemical can depend on both the oxidation state and concentrations of metals in the amd u. Pdf acid mine drainage formation, control and treatment. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. This data was isolated underground from a pink biofilm microbial community growing on the surface of flowing acid mine drainage amd in the fiveway region cg of the richmond mine at iron mountain, california in march 2002. A mine s drainage substances such as acid can destroy streams, rivers and aquatic life. Biological control of acid mine drainage handbook for constructed wetlands receiving acid mine drainage. Amd from an abandoned underground mine complex near new philadelphia, ohio. Stanton, 2008, bacterial processes can influence the movement of metal contaminants in wetlands that have been affected by acid drainage, chapter d in verplanck, p.
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